Media Essays News Citizen Journalist

Media Essays raw(a)s Citizen diaristNews Citizen diary keeperIntroductionWe live in an era of info invariablyywhereload it requires no g wheelbreaking analysis to establish this. Society is bombarded from all angle with pass intelligence Newspapers television streaming parole services on the profits and independent blogs indite by citizen diarist. This humannesswide counterchange has occurred e preciseplace the course of a minute condem solid landed estatescale.Since the dawn of intelligence reading media until very deep, thither were always a finite number of intelligence sources. In the 80s there were ten UK dailies, and three channels which contained intelligence service bulletins. By 1998, at the dawn of online intelligence service round to pagin have, articles were a day old and suffered the single out of not being specifically written as an online medium. Sites were updated in one case a day, and breaking intelligence operation would both(prenomina l)times be blot outed by a small tidingsworthiness ticker at the most.If we argon to use folk 11th as a comparative vantage point, lap snug to the pre direct and catastrophic at a populationwide level, the scale of the change within the news becomes visible.The 7/11 bombings in the States were viewed in Britain on cardinal terrestrial television channels, three dedicated news channels (BBC News 24, Sky News and ITV News), and news services such(prenominal) as Reuters, CNBC and Bloomberg provided continuous information updates. This does not even attempt to cover the countless otherwise news sources around the world whose focus was to cover this tragic event around the clock. The Internet was saturated with theories, creditable news stories and speculation. The Guardian and The New York Times at the time provided online coverage, and since whence roughly invariablyy news channel has createed online news services.For the first time everyone was capable of getting their o pinion out there The Internet allowed batch to post their views, sh be their sadness and grow theories of conspiracy as could never retain been done before.On the 7th July bombings in capital of the United Kingdom BBC 1 and ITV1 had coverage completely uninterrupted until 7pm. Material included large amounts of footage sent in by the humanity, including videos and pictures taken on camera environs.News outright travels at light speed. The gaps betwixt major news stories, which steal the humanitys attention, ar hardly long enough to allow intentness of the story, let alone sagacity any greater star of circumstance within which it may lie.The Internet itself is growing at a big and un envisionlable rate. According to Eric Schmidt, chief executive of Google, the search engine would motive another three light speed forms to palmyl index the five million terabytes of data it is approximated the internet at once holds. Google has been indexing information for the cobble rs last seven years, and has managed to index somewhere in the region of one hundred and seventy million terabytes.Statement of subjectBecause it has never been easier for individuals to broadcast their opinion, the drainage area between what is and isnt considered to be journalism is being narrow. The agent to be published has been extended to anyone who may wish to take it Words no long-lasting need to be passed finished an editorial filter or else the reality passel broadcast their opinions with blogs, feedback and their own webpages.There are countless online forums and e-zines where the public send packing submit their own work, and as such there are no official standards because we are no continuing tied to words entwined in the ethos of a large society. For the individual, when it comes to getting their word out, things have never been better, and the same applies to music, picturemaking and photography. To be published no longer certifies a vocational integrity.In my dissertation I am issue to measure the change magnitudely important role of citizen diarist, and the effect of new media on independent root wording. In an article in the Guardian on the twelfth November 2007, David Leigh points out that our principles are being degraded through the need of distinction we exert over sources. Some voices are to a greater extent creditable than othersa named source is better than an anonymous pamphleteer.Essentially I want to assess whether the reporter is a dying species, overrun by citizen diarist, and in what areas a sense of vocationally based journalistic integrity entrust prevail and withstand the peripeteia taking place in the media. reportage staffs are being cut globally, with more and more reporters going freelance. investigatory journalism is on the decline, and citizens are contri moreovering to more stories than ever before.Leigh quotes a BBC Radio 4 interview where John Simpson, the BBCs veteran world(prenominal) news cor responding was asked if all news corporations were cutting back. He sustain that in his opinion reporters were under real threat, and were not needed anymore, We salutary want peoples opinions active whats happened, not the facts. In the article Leigh quotes Max Hastings, the ex-editor of the Daily Telegraph, who states that all sorts of areas of the world are now thought to be withal boring to keep a correspondent there. The commentariat has taken over.Explanation of researchRestrictions of studyThe chokeic I am researching is very broad, and varies very oftentimes form place to place. The role of citizen journalist is still developing and maturing. The public are only now fully realising the effects of independent reporting. There is also a psychological place that is constantly changing People are only now branch to trust articles that do not come from the large news corporations. explore questions and hypothesisI need to inspect public broadcasting standards, and atten d to what mechanisms are in place to stop the news of larger corporations act completely into infotainment. I need to find out how much larger news corporations trust on spin departments and press offices for their information, and how much investigation is carried out independently.At the moment people rely on news corporations for objective news, and tend to read the work of citizen journalist for a second base opinion. My hypothesis is that all of this will eventually invert, and the only form of open and detailed reporting will actually be that of citizen journalist.Definition of disclose destinationsIn order to understand this essay, the definition of the term citizen journalist must be clarified. There has been much debate over this topic, and much confusion has ensued.The Internet is the most effective medium through which the public can dynamically post comments, leave opinions after news stories and tactile property a direct level of interactivity with their news. opus it would seem that this would lead to hooliganism, sites such as Wikipedia have demonstrated that there are arrangings effective at minimising this sort of excitant, and I will examine this in greater detail later.But the dexterity to simply broadcast opinion isnt, nor has it ever been journalism. Audiences have always been harnessed into the process of news making, whether the input may be in the form of letters to the editor or a clip of video phone footage. Despite the fact that during the 7/7 London bombings contributed video footage was used, public contributions have always been lively to journalists.It is easy to forget that when Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963, Abraham Zapruder, a instalment of the public who got the best shot of the assassination, shot the video footage seen across the globe. It was his film that was used by analysts to try and determine from where the president was assassinated.But recently the public have been recruited into the new s making process at a much greater level. People are intrigued by people, and want to visualize the experiences of others, to humanize their news stories. Editors and producers embed stories and experience from members of the public into news stories to put them a more personal dimension. This is the citizen as an addition to a news story.At a greater level of inter sue, citizens can help report in a participatory manner, whereby they contribute to a story in the field of their expertise. Their knowledge or guidance is framed within the journalists scene. The ability to publish a soft draft of a story on the Internet has do it easier for journalists to gain help from the public to aid a story.Citizen Journalists are too often mistaken for eyewitnesses fit with new technology. In wake of the 7/7 bombings, people are quick to label the footage and pictures submitted by members of the public as the work of citizen journalist. But I believe citizen journalism entails the bypassing of the commercial news system completely.This is the only way for reporting to not contain the agenda of a large corporation. It can be argued that reporting can never be truly devoid of a personal agenda, but a corporation will inevitably be entwined in a political agenda.Citizen Journalist is a term used to divulge the actions of novices taking it upon themselves to report on subjects in an accurate, and independent manner. It is not to be confused with participatory journalism, where the public are used as sources.Another germane(predicate) term is Infotainment, which is essentially a slang term used to describe information given the slant of entertainment.A summary of what is to followI am going to assess the liberation technological advance has made for citizen journalist, including beneficial and detrimental effects on news product as a whole. I want to see whether there is get on for both master key and citizen journalists and whether traditional reporters are a dying s pecies. use case studies I am going to analyse where stories written by citizen journalist may not have been possible in a larger, bodied journalistic scene, and similarly, where reporting would not be possible without the resources functional to a larger news corporation. As well as this I am going to analyse the trends of incarnate news, and asses whether the very roles of citizen journalist and news by larger corporations will invert with serious stories being written by the citizen journalist while corporate news is almost only if reduced to infotainment.Literature reviewThis topic is pertinent because it affects all of the information we receive. The forces of supply and demand work heavily on the corporate news system, and as such are debasing the level of our news. Citizen journalist on the other hand, is relatively free from such forces, and more able to keep open for niche audiences. There is a new freedom to write passionately about non-mainstream topics, with the possibility of a worldwide audience.When newspapers first came into circulation, in fifteenth century German and Flemish states, they lacked the same institutionalized nature that they do today. It was the dawn of the industrial revolution and the creation of large cities, the cheapening costs abstruse in mass printing and the growth of literacy rates provided the market for newspapers in the nineteenth century. Then advertisers realized the true potential for marketing to an ever growing population of newspaper readers, and the costs of newspapers went down even further.The corporate nonplus first took over the Hollywood film industry in 1914, and then the movie distribution system. By 1920 radio had become corporate, and by 1950s television had followed suit. All forms of media were organized in accordance with corporate industrial logic.Government controlled media started to arise in many part of less developed countries. In Africa and Asia, where power had been handed over to those whom the departing compound powers were most comfortable with dealing with. These people were clones of the ruling elite who had once colonised them. Hence the newly emerging media were staffed by the most Westernised natives. The New World Information Order (NWIO) was created to justify development journalism.The ethos of the agreement encouraged state control of the media in order to educate and develop the respective local populations, and in within this line of thinking the grooming system in developing countries was also shifted into the state run sphere. As Louw points out, Communist control of the media was justified through the same line of argument.In Afro-Asia education and development were managerial tools by which ruling elites (forcibly?) Westernised their populations, thereby increasing the numbers of their own Western tribe. (p.43)One of the most relevant aspects of the Internet, is the creation of an accessible worldwide community that endangers such polit ical mechanisms of control. While once peoples perceptions of life itself were very much narrowed by the culture in which they lived, now people from all over the world have an interface with which they can communicate.The internet has evolved third world countries, with their antiquated and even non existent phone lines missed out on the first generation of the internet. But as technology developed, fibre opthalmic lines and broadband supervene upond the traditional ways of plugging in, and third-world countries, with no existing infrastructure to replace and facilitated with cheap labour costs, have quickly connected themselves in.The fluid phone revolution was similar Five years ago in India if you cute to make an International call you had to call an operator and book it in. You would then wait by the phone for an hour or two, and at some point the operator would call you back and connect you. Now every Indian with a roof over their head also has a mobile. This is an unbeliev able phenomenon in a country which frequently still has power cuts, is home to immense poverty and still has a massively treacherous wired phone network. Despite this the prevalence of a mass mobile phone culture took place there even before America had abandoned their two-way.Having come from an Indian background, and with all of my family currently residing there including my fifteen-year-old sister, I have visited the country at least once a year for the last twenty years. I am persistently surprised by the massive changes that occur there from one year to the next, but these are factors relating to matters of economy and fiscal development. The most prominent changes have occurred, in my opinion, since the Internet and the mass availability of American cable channels.The standardization of social determine simply through watching American cable television is enormous, and the encounter on the younger generation is massive when in contrast to their parents. An issue, which is widely ignored in more developed western countries, is the dominance of their media passim the world, and the lack of correspondence between them and local cultures. The birth of citizen journalist has authorise countless people in less developed countries.But spatial boundaries have been eroded by technology, distance has been tamed and while news once took months or even years to travel, today it travels in the scintillate of an eye. Because of this the relevance of political borders, and the concept of culture and country has become more peripheral. The importance of the citizen as a reporter, the value of hyper-local news and the democratic nature of the internet as tool for expression is quickly becoming invaluable.In part due to these matters authoritarian states such as China, Cuba and Iran have been constrained into moving away from their isolation, both ideologically and culturally, and individuals are privy to the make-up of journalists not within the borders of their own, controlled domains.Monroe Price asked the question Can a nation state survive in a world in which the boundaries of culture, conviction and imagination do not (1995 236). Nation states have survived and, McNair argues in cultural Chaos, they will continue to do so. He argues that they will grow into conflict nation states with conflicting ideologies.A brief account of the issues relevant to the topicThe creation of a press department in any company or political organization is a key factor. Journalists rely more and more n the information fed to them by the very people they are trying to write about.*EXPANDWhat is clear is that there will always be some individuals or groups trying to control meaning. Underpinning this is a competition over resources (material, cultural and status). Our life chances are deposit by the social parameters facilitating or hindering our access to such resources (p25 The Media and heathenish Production Eric Louw, 2001)Technological advances hav e resulted in a massive, global, spatial dissolution, and are becoming more and more relevant to our lives. This enablement of social realization through geographical space is a concept being dissolved through the advancement of technology. Technology affects the way we write, the footage we can capture to accompany our stories, and our ability to access the news itself. It is the advancement of technology which has enable the creation of a citizen journalist in the first place.The world is getting smaller, and the amelioration of communicatory potential is bringing human beings closer together. Since the 1980s, and more specifically with the barrage of live news coverage that CNN brought to the Gulf War in 1991, a new sense of immediacy has been brought to the news.There is a new sense of participation, and interactivity that has been brought to broadcasting and the news in general, with broadcasts becoming more dynamic. We can be transported from the isolation of our domestic env ironments to the parochialism of the news environment we are watching.Through news exposure, which includes the horror of human catastrophe, society is becoming more and more disengaged with the context of what it witnesses. People dont have enough time between major world events to become fully acquainted with the context of any particular situation. Broadcasters would rather keep viewers engaged with sensational footage, than guess loosing audiences with a contextual background which could be deemed more boring.As a result people feel that there are too many events to care about any at all, and more significantly there is a widespread concern that we are essentially incapacitated to do anything about it. Our press has the freedom to fully articulate the injustices of today, but tomorrow there will be new injustices.When the format of the news we are subject to is too consistent and perpetual to never calculate not to be shocked by a front page or a top story on a everyday basi s, we have no choice other than to be emotionally indifferent. McNair describes us as having become fatigued by the proximity of human woe (pg 7, Cultural Chaos). The News corporations, governed by the same principles of supply and demand as any other capitalist institutions, have advertency converted our round the clock news coverage into a form of entertainmentof infotainment.One of the primary book I am going to come along at is We the Media Grassroots journalism, by the people, for the people, by Dan Gillmore. We the Media inspects the blogging phenomenon, and more specifically analyses the relationship between the readers and creators of news.Gillmor acknowledges that blogging is still in an early stage of development, and that in many respects professional journalists are not only cigaret the developments occurring in news production, but struggling to keep up. He goes on to argue that institutionalized journalism needs a new model of conduct in order to be in a seat to fi ght the good fights.I have also been looking at Cultural Chaos Journalism, news and power in a globalised world by Brian McNair. He draws on examples from the War on Terror, the invasion of Iraq, Hurricane Katrina and the London Underground bombings to examine the relationship between journalism and power in the digital age. McNair explores the geographic and cultural breakdown-taking place as provoked by the digital age. He examines the impact of the digital age on journalism the effects it has in creating a global culture.There is a dismay among news media professionals that the rise of citizen journalist will eclipse the role of the professional journalist. The biggest, and most universal fear is a public reliance on the information provided by citizen journalist will lack the accuracy and objectiveness of the larger corporation.Citizen journalists on the other hand feel that the professional media lack the passion or the flexibility to report as accurately or incisively as the m. One of the advantages of citizen journalism is that the massive number of amateur writers overshadows the comparatively small number of professional journalists. When people can claim what to write about, it is guaranteed that they will do so with passion. Their articles will be researched it can be argued, with greater dedication. Citizen journalist are ruled by no sense of hierarchy as a group citizen journalist can use a skill set appropriate to a project.However, a journalist is merely meant to be a vehicle through which to pay back a message. Will this influx of citizen journalism actually diminish objectivity? At least with the mainstream media the public can have an understanding of the context of the paper in which thy read their article. When a different writer, writes every article with no editor to moderate output, can we ever have an understanding of the standpoint of the writer, with no prior knowledge of him or her. On top of this, we cant even count on a set of d efining, professional journalistic principles, nor will amateur writer sever have access to the resources of a professional department.Case StudyOn Sunday, April sixth there was an article in the New York Times Observer about an undercover vegan, who set out to expose the horrific conditions of a southeastern California slaughterhouse. To fit in he bought sandwiches made from soy riblets and ate them in a dusty car parking lot with the other workers.Despite his vegan beliefs, this citizen journalist spent long days escorting cows to the kill. gird with a buttonhole camera, he made sure he was successful in recording images of workers flipping sick dairy cows with forklifts, prodding them with electric charges and dragging them by their legs with chains so that they could be processed into ground meat. The investigation resulted in the United States authorities taking action at a national level.The film the citizen made was picked up by the mainstream media, and was effective becau se it was edited in a sensationistically limited manner. Citizen journalism is efficacious because it allows smaller groups of people to be heard, and the more empowered we become by technological advances, the easier it becomes for us to challenge the images we are exposed to by the mainstream media.

QA Systems in Upscale Hotels

QA Systems in Upscale Hotels character reference authorization agreements be an important element of each business strategy. As Porter (1985 and 2004) suggests, fictitious character is now seen as a major force for gaining competitive reinforcement, particularly with the consumer. There is no commercial message activity where this is more important than in the hotel sector. As Yavas et al (1995) state, the nous is no longer whether to have note self-assurance broadcasts, but quite an how to make these programmes work, in spite of appearance this sector of hospitality.It back end be argued that in name of lumber assurance dodges delivery the hotel sector is in a characteristic position, particularly when it is related to overhaul rapture (Parasuraman 1997, Schiffman and Kanuk 2000). Unlike most former(a) industries, where node contact and engagement during a visit might be fleeting, as happens in retail shop environment, a hotels interaction with guests foundatio n last from a few hours to several days. Furthermore, as Kandampully et al (2001, p.28) the part of the hotel w be also has to take into account the customer-to-customer interactions.Following a sketch literature review, the intention of this essay is to examine timberland assurance dodges and pass judgment the effect that these ashess have upon help quality and customer gladness inwardly the upmarket Hotel grocery store.Quality assurance and management within the hotel environment is centre upon satisfying the customer. Therefore, this review concentrates on the existing literature relating to customer satis concomitantion and the various regularitys and frameworks of serving quality related to this focus.Academic literature relating to customer satiscircumstanceion f alls within cardinal main categories, these be the mental detections of the customer and the practical ways in which customer satis accompanimention chiffonier be implemented to help a business r each out its objectives. In the hotel sector, this objective is to try and engender a high direct of customer satisfaction in order to positively influence our customers repurchasing and communicative behavior (Hennig-Thurau and Hassen (2000, p.62).However, to achieve this aim the business has to understand what drives customer satisfaction. Christopher (1984), Holbrook (1999), Schiffmand and Kanuk 2000 and Brennen (2003) all ascertain that satisfaction is related to the consumers perception or judgement of a convergence experience and survey when set against their calculateations and the payment made. Zeithamls (1998, p.14) describes it as follows, cosmos that comprehend value is the consumers overall assessment of the utility of a product establish on perceptions of what is certain and what is given value represents a trade-off of the large give and get comp unmatchablents, in separate words the cost salaried is taproomd against the value expected . Therefore, it can be suggested that the greater the usefulness quality the higher the satisfaction (Kandampully et al. 2001, p.8) and, conversely, the higher the price the greater the perception of value.Bostepe (2007) further identifies that, within a service environment much(prenominal) as a hotel, consumer satisfaction does not but rely upon the quality of service satisfaction received from business employees, although this is an essential element. The physical environment, for lesson the dcor, bedrooms and other facilities offered, are also elements of the consumers perceived value and service satisfaction. If whatsoever of these are deemed as sub- exemplar, particularly when related to the price paid, this testament disregard the customers enjoyment and levels of satisfaction.It follows thence that only by concentration upon providing quality within all of these areas of the product will the business be able to determine satisfaction and encourage customer loyalty (Holbrook 1999, p.12 1), which Porter (1998), Parasuraman (1997) Agrawal (2000) and Harrison (2003) all suit is essential to competitive advantage.There are numerous quality assurance cadence systems and modulars available for use within the business environment. client feedback is one such measurement. Client feedback can be achieved by two methods. The low gear way is to give questionnaires that hotel guests are asked to complete before the end of their stay. The sec is to rely upon foreignly conducted questionnaires, interviews and polls, which can be conducted on a nonstop basis.However, whilst comments and responses provided by customers may act as a good tribute for the business (Porter 1998, p.1478), these systems have their drawbacks. In addition to the fact that not all customers might respond, the design of the process itself is often flawed (Kandampully et al 2001) and can therefore be misinterpreted. For example, a simple complaints procedure would not necessarily identify areas of quality success. Secondly, these feedback processes tend to lack definition. Their use may therefore be inhibited by the fact that they do not provide management with commensurate detail to be able to locate and go down the specific areas of the business where deficiency of service quality is occurring. Furthermore, a system of continuous surveys adds to the business administration costs and, in addition, raises the inherent extend of sampling (Visit Britain 2008 b). Evidence of these limitations can be seen in a late(a) survey conducted by Visit Britain (2008 a) (see figure 1). range 1 guest hotel choice determinantsSource Visit Britain (2008 a, p.11)Whilst it is clearly apparent from these results that customer satisfaction in related to encouraging loyalty and retention, as well as being inherently useful in turning existing customers into promotional tools for the hotel, this does not provide management with a detailed analysis of the areas where satisfaction has been ach ieved or denote what areas were not satisfying.To provide detailed quality service observations therefore, a more robust quality assurance system is infallible and most of these are ground upon variations of the Total Quality counseling (TQM) system (Dotchin and Oakland 1994 and Ziethaml et al 2000). These methods are knowing to assess and monitor the level of quality being binded throughout all areas of the business process and its supply chain, from an internal as well as external viewpoint. One such variation, particularly applicable to the hotel industry, is the SERVQUAL method, which originated from the works of Parasuraman et al (1991).Kandampully et al (2001, p.68) observe that many academics and practical studies have use SERVQUAL as a true measure of customer service and that it has been extensively applied (Shahin 2005, p.4) in service establish organisations. Amongst these service industries will be included the hospitality and hotel sector of the tourism industry.D espite the fact that recent researches have sought to extend the elements of quality measurement with the SERVQUAL model, fundamentally it is keep mum based upon the level of quality assurance to be measured and gained within five key sectors of the business processes, which are Tangibles Physical facilities, equipment and appearance of personnel.Reliability Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately.Responsiveness Willingness to help customers and provide prompt service.Assurance (including competence, courtesy, credibility and security). intimacy and courtesy of employees and their ability to inspire trust and confidence.Empathy (including access, communication, understanding the customer). Caring and severalise oversight that the firm provides to its customers.Source Sahney et al 2004The SERVQUAL measurement can be used internally, through measurement against preset quality assurance standards such as the ISO 9001 Quality certification process (BSI 2008) and the booster evaluate system operated by Visit Britain (2008) in conjunction with the Automobile Association. In this skid the hotel services and processes are measured against pre-determined sets of quality criterion and monitored at least(prenominal) annually by those who regulate these standards. The internal quality assurance programme is also complemented by external consumer questionnaires and interview surveys.The SERVQUAL quality assurance method has been in existence for some years and is tried and tested(Shahin 2005, p.5), devising it a firm favourite within the hotel service industry, where managers are golden and confident with the outcomes of these measurements. An element of SERVQUAL that is considered particularly important in this respect is the fact that the system and its measurements are monitored and updated on a regular basis (Holbrook (1999), Sahney et al (2004) and Boztepe (2007)), for example annually (Shahin 2005, p.6). Both ISO 9001 and the Star Rating systems conform to these determinants.As will be seen from the following analysis, the quality assurance systems applied to the hotel in terms of both the internal industry Star Rating and external SERVQUAL systems are virtually synonymous in terms of the standards and factors they rely upon for measurement. To maintain their perception as upscale or 5 school principal hotels, in each of these cases the hotel will have to achieve much higher levels of standards.4.1 Star Rating systemAlthough the Star Rating system is formatted in a slightly different way to SERVQUAL, the quality elements of this process are withal graded in a similar manner. The main difference is the fact that there are stripped quality requirements before the hotel will even up be considered for a rating. However, even these equate to the tangible element of the SERVQUAL system (figure 2).Figure 2 Minimum entry requirementsSource (Visit Britain 2005, p.8)Once the minimum entry requirements have bee n met, to assess which star level is applicable to the proof independent inspectors will monitor five quality bands and award a quality percentage to each. These percentages determine what rating the establishment has achieved (figure 3).Figure 3 Quality bands for star ratingStar ratingBandsOne star30-46%Two stars47-54%Three stars55-69%Four Stars70-84%Five Stars85-100%Source Visit Britain (2005, p.6)Furthermore, this standard of quality has to be achieved across a range of five product elements, which include cleanliness, service, intellectual nourishment quality, bedrooms and bathrooms. Simply complying in one of the areas is not sufficient to earn the highest star. Therefore, if the hotel fails to achieve the required 85-100% standards during an annual monitoring it risks its rating being downgraded to cardinal stars or a lower standard. For instance, in the example shown on a lower floor (figure 4), despite the fact that the hotel being monitored has achieved the five star req uirements in collar of the five bands, its failures in the other two would demote it to a four star hotel.Figure 4 Quality bank achievement trainStandard12345CleanlinessX helpXFood qualityXBedroomsXBathroomsXSource adapted from Visit Britain (2005, p.7)4.2 SERVQUAL systemWhen using the SERVQUAL system, which is largely based largely upon the results of customer satisfaction surveys, although all hotels would be looking to achieve the maximum service quality satisfaction level of 100% in terms of the overall scoring, there is a significant difference in the way this would be achieved when related to the different standard of establishments. To provide an example of how this equates in practice, the following is a comparison between the SERVQUAL requirements of a 5 star hotel against lower rated hotel, such as the budget Travelodge hotel chain (figure 5).Figure 5 SERVQUAL comparisonsSERVQUAL criterion5-star hotelTravelodgeTangibility20%20%Reliability20%30%Responsiveness20%15%Assuranc e20%25%Empathy20%10%Total100%100%It is apparent from the preceding(prenominal) comparison that the 5-star establishment requires their quality of service to be more equilibrise, in other words no one area of their product should be delivering a lower quality of service than any other. However, with the budget chain, which operates on a low cost strategy that eliminates much of the human resources and food elements, these specific areas are shown to have less importance to the business, but want to be compensated by increased levels of satisfaction in other areas of quality if the business is to remain successful.What is immediately apparent from the analysis of the two quality assurance systems identified above as being used within the hotel sector is their compatibility. This not only applies to the systems per se, but also to the measurement of the results. In both cases an upscale hotel would need to achieve a balanced score with high ratings in all of the quality determinants if it is to maintain its market position and be perceived by the potential customer as a quality (5 star) hotel. Conversely, the lower quality hotels pay less attention to those areas of the standards that are more directly related to the quality of service provided by their human resources, relying instead upon other elements to satisfy customer quality perception, such as low cost (Porter 2004).Whilst it could therefore be stated in simple terms that quality assurance is related to the price being paid for the product, what research such as that conducted by Shahin (2006), Ziethaml et al (1990) and Holbrook (1999), and the fact that all hotels, irrespective of their standards, operate quality assurance systems, shows is that price is simply one element required to fulfil customer satisfaction needs. whatever price is being charged for the hotel product the customer will still weigh the experience received against the value they expect from the product enjoyed at that price (Zeith aml 1988 and Parasuraman et at 1994). A customer who decides to spend a greater amount of his or her disposable income on arranging to stay in a 5-star hotel will have a much greater value expectation than one who chooses a budget hotel stay. The former will expect the service quality to exist in all aspects of the hotel product. This includes the dcor and the standard pressure of the environment, the facilities that are being offered, including meals and room service, and the performance of the hotels human resources. If these quality expectations are not met that customer will perceive that they have not received value for money and therefore will view the experience as less than satisfactory. Therefore, they will be unlikely to promote the hotel in a positive manner to others or re-use it.It is apparent that in the case of an upscale or5-star hotel the combination of the industry Star Rating and SERVQUAL quality assurance systems will have a significant impact upon their service quality and the level of customer satisfaction achieved from using the product.In terms of the Star Rating system, the higher the star rating the greater the expectation of the customer in terms of their perception of the quality that will be found in this establishment. Therefore, the five star establishments are likely to attract customers who wish to avail themselves of the higher quality experience.With regard to the external SERVQUAL system of measurement, because these are results from customer experiences, the greater the levels of quality achieved in the areas measured, the more likely it is that customers will be retained and act as recommenders to other potential customers.In both cases therefore, it can be concluded that the quality assurance system is designed to achieve competitive advantage by attracting additional market share, so improving the hotels revenue and profitability levels.Agrawal (2000). Managing service industries in the new millenary Evidence is everyt hing. Paper presented at the AIMS Convention on assist ManagementBerry L L and Parasuraman, A (1991). merchandise Services Competing through and through Quality, eject Press. New York, USBoztepe, Suzan (2007). User Value Competing theories and models.International journal of Design,Vol. 1, Issue. 2, pp.55-63.Brennan, Ross (2003). Value in merchandise Confusion or Illumination? functional from http//mubs.mdx.ac.uk/Research/Discussion_Papers/ securities industrying/dpap%20marketing%20no25.pdf (Accessed 22 celestial latitude 2008)BSI (2008). ISO 9001Quality. Available from http//www.bsi-global.com/en/Assessment-and-certification-services/management-systems/Standards-and-Schemes/ISO-9001/ (Accessed 22 December 2008)Chetwynd, Catherine and Knight, Jenny (2007). Time to capitalise on falling hotel occupancy.The Times. London, UK.Christopher, M. (1996). From steel values to customer value.journal of Marketing Practice Applied Marketing Science,Vol. 2, Issue.2, pp.55-66.Dotchin, J.A an d Oakland, J.S (1994). Total Quality Management in Services Part 3 Distinguishing perceptions of Service Quality.International Journal of Quality reliability Management, Vol. 11, Issue. 4, pp.6-28Gale, B. T. (1994). Managing customer value. guiltless Press. New York, US.Harrison, Jeffrey S (2003). Strategic Management Of Resources and race.John Wiley Sons Inc.New York, US.Hennig-Thurau, Thorsten and Hansen, Ursula (eds) (2000). Relationship Marketing Gaining war-ridden Advantage Through Customer Satisfaction and Customer Retention.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidleberg. New York, US.Holbrook, M. B. (Ed.). (1999). Consumer value A framework for analysis and research.Routledge. New York, US.Kandampully, Jay., Mox, Connie and Sparks, Beverley (2001). Service Quality Management in Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure.Haworth Press. New York, US.Kotler P (1999). Marketing Management Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control (Millennium ed.) Englewood Cliffs, N JPrentice-Hall, 279-317.P arasuraman, A. (1997). Reflections on gaining competitive advantage through customer value. Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), 154-161.Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1991), Refinement and reassessment of the SERVQUAL scale.Journal of Retailing, Vol. 67, pp. 420-450.Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1993), Research note more on improving service quality measurement,Journal of Retailing, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 140-147.Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1994), Reassessment of expectations as a comparison standard in measuring service quality implications for future research,Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, pp. 111-124.Porter, M. E. (1998). Competitive advantage Creating and sustaining superior performance.Free Press. New York, USPorter, M.E (2004). Competitive Advantage. Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors.Free Press.New York, USSahney, S., Banwet, D.K., and Karunes, S. (2004), A SERVQUAL and QFD approach to total quality rep roduction A student perspective,International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol.53, No.2, pp. 143-166.Schiffman, L g and L L Kanuk (2000). Consumer Behaviour.FT Prentice Hall, New Jersey, US.Shahin, Dr. Arash (2005). SERVQUAL and Models of Service Quality Gaps A Framework for Determining and Prioritizing Critical Factors in Delivering Quality Systems. AvailableVisit Britain (2008 a). UK Market Profile 2007. Available from http//www.tourismtrade.org.uk/Images/UK_DMarketing_tcm12-22850.pdf (Accessed 21 December 2008)Visit Britain (2008 b). Britain Inbound Overall Market Profile. Available from http//www.tourismtrade.org.uk/Images/InboundFINAL_2008_%20BritInbound3F_tcm12-40935.pdf (Accessed 21 December 2008)Visit London (2005). Hotel Accommodation Quality Standards. Available from http//www.qualityintourism.com/ case/pdfs/Standards/Hotel%20Standard%20INT.pdf (Accessed 21 December 2008)Yavas, U., Yasin, M and Wafa, m (1995). Front and back-stage strategies in servi ce delivery in the hospitality industry a conceptual framework.Market Intelligence Planning.Vol. 13, Issue, 11, pp.22-26Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketin,, Vol. 52, Issue. 3, pp.2-22Zeithaml, V.A., Parasuraman, A. and Berry, L.L. (1990),Delivering quality service Balancing customer perceptions and expectations.The Free Press, New York, NY.

The Influence Of Postmodern Dance Essay

The Influence Of Postmodern leap EssayPostmodernism was a late 20th century movement that opposed the Modernist preoccupation with innocence of form and technique, and aimed to eradicate the divisions between art, popular culture, and the media. Postmodern artists employed influences from an legions of past movements, applying them to modern forms. Postmodernists embraced diversity and rejected the distinction between racy and low art. Ignoring genre boundaries, the movement encourages the mix of ideas, medias, and forms to promote parody, humor, and irony.-started 1960s in a church-the word postmodernist after modern techniques whole wheat flour n Isadora-influced by Cunningham n cage-timely, moving on at onceWhere Modernists tended to believe in the future and reject the past, Postmodernists are more than negative and do not see the world necessarily improving in the future.1960-1970s even though it was short timePostmodernist music includes Philip Glasss minimalist deeds and John Cages collaborative achievements in which he involved the audience.genres the interchangeables of ballet and modernism and develop new styles. The most famous of these pioneers was plausibly Anna Halprin, who based her choreography on real experiences, not classical works. Her group, the Dancers Workshop, normally avoided traditional technique and often performed outdoors instead of on a conventional stage. Another modern spring pioneer, Robert Dunn, believed that the process of art was more significant than the end product. Merce Cunningham experimented with the relationship between dance and music and created choreography that was unrelated to the music it was accompanied by.What Followed Postmodernism?Postmodern dance was a relatively short-lived movement, but it was a stepping stone to other artistic endeavors. feat art, a movement featuring theatrical events realized through loosely incorporate combinations of events, grew out of the collaboration between danc e and other art forms. Dancers like Twyla Tharp put their own stamp on postmodern theory and began a return to more structured choreography, making way for the contemporary dance genre of today.Postmodern dance is a 20th century project dance form. A reaction to the compositional and presentation constraints of modern dance, postmodern dance hailed the use of everyday movement as valid performance art and advocated novel methods of dance composition.Claiming that any movement was dance, and any soulfulness was a dancer (with or without training) early postmodern dance was more closely aligned with political theory of modernism rather than the architectural, literary and objective movements of postmodernism. However, the postmodern dance movement rapidly developed to embrace the ideology of postmodernism which was reflected in the wide variety of dance works emerging from Judson Dance Theater, the home of postmodern dance.citation neededLasting from the 1960s to the 1970s the mai n crusade of Postmodern dance was relatively short lived but its legacy lives on in contemporary dance (a blend of modernism and postmodernism) and the rise of postmodernist choreographic processes that have produced a wide range of dance works in varying styles.Postmodern art is a term employ to describe an art movement which was thought to be in contradiction in terms to some aspect of modernism, or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, movements such as Intermedia, Installation art, Conceptual Art and Multimedia, curiously involving video are described as postmodern. The traits associated with the use of the term postmodern in art include bricolage, use of words prominently as the central artistic element, collage, simplification, appropriation, depiction of consumer or popular culture and capital punishment art.

Treatment of Acute Renal Colic: Rectal Diclofenac Sodium

Treatment of sub abrupt nephritic Colic rectal Diclofenac SodiumTherapeutic Effects of Rectal Diclofenac Sodium and Intramuscular Pethidine Injectionin The Treatment of Acute nephritic Colic A randomized Clinical TrialMohammad Mehdi Hosseini, Abdoul-Rasoul EbrahimiAbstractrenal griping is a type of abdo minal aggravator plebeianly ca hired by obstructive stones. The aims of this aim were to evaluate safety and might of rectal diclofenac atomic number 11 ( RD ) in clear-sighted renal gripes and compare it with intramuscular pethidine ( scamp) injection. In an interventional prospective double blind randomized control exertion with 541 endurings, which referred to fate Department ascribable to acute renal colic, RD and IMP were administrated to 266 forbearing (as collection I) and 275 patients (as ag mathematical group II), respectively. Pain relief was measured through asking the patient by the physician at 10, 20 and 30 min later on(prenominal) victimisation of re spective drugs in each group. In group I, anodyne cause of RD were appeared in 121 patients (45.5%) later 10 min, 191 patients (71.9%) after(prenominal) 20 min and 233 patients (87.5%) after 30 min. 33 patients (12.5%) had no answer to RDS . In group II, analgesic set up of IMP were appeared in 123 patients (44.7%) after 10 min, 191 patients (69.5%) after 20 min and 254 patients (92.3%) after 30 min. 21 patients (7.7%) had no response to IMP. Our results demonstrated that although, at that place were no substantive differences in analgesic personal do between two drugs (P=0.06), but, repayable to availability, cheapness, safety and self administration properties, use of sodium diclofenac in suppository form is highly recommended in renal colic.Keywords Renal colic diclofenac sodium pethidine analgesia.IntroductionRenal colic is a common urological tinge at the emergency department, often ca employ by the movement of ureteral stones and characterized by severe fuss. Patie nts describe this anguish as the most severe and torture some situation ever experienced (Ay et al. 2013). This condition afflicts 512% of the universe in industrial societies at least once in their keep sentence time and its recurrence rate is approximately 50% (Esmailian and Keshavarz 2014). The unhinge is ordinarily attributed to contraction of ureter soft muscles in response to the presence of stone (Holdgate and pollack 2004). Therefore, the most important consideration in the emergency management of renal colics is pain control/relief (Esmailian and Keshavarz 2014).Both parenteral opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly use to provide relief from renal colic (Bektas et al. 2009). For relieving this pain, morphia and pethidine in the traditional approach were used, but, due to their side effects such as addictive effects, constipation, respiratory depression, and mental changes,, using of them is lessen and replaced by NSAIDs (Kalb et al . 2010 Muslumanoglu and Tepeler 2008). Experimental works suggest that prostaglandins (PGs) play an important map in producing pain in renal colic and therefore, antiprostaglandins cigarette go past or diminish this type of pain (Hetherington and Philp 1986 Thompson et al. 1989).Diclofenac, 2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)phenyl)acetic acid, is an NSAID taken or applied to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions such as renal colic. The exact mechanics of action is not entirely known, but the primary mechanism trusty for its analgesic action is thought to be inhibition of PG synthesis by inhibition of cyclooxygenase, one of the basic enzymes in the PG synthesis pathway (Dutta et al. 2000). On the other hand, pethidine is a once popular synthetic opioid analgesic of the phenylpiperidine pattern (MacPherson and Duguid 2008). The specific adverse event of vomiting showed a clear stand with opioids, in particular pethidine. Although no studies rep orted serious adverse events, the con follow-up period and failure to specific eachy record renal disfunction and gastrointestinal bleeding means these results should be interpreted cautiously (Holdgate and pollock 2004). Given these findings, when a single bolus of analgesia is used, an NSAID rather than an opioids was recommended. However, in some condition such as severe pain using of opioids is inevitable. Therefore, in this study, we compared the efficacy of analgesic therapy of rectal diclofenac sodium (RD) and intramuscular pethidine (IMP), commonly like in emergency departments in our country in patients with renal colic.Participants and rulesA. Patients and study designAn interventional prospective multicenter double blind randomized control trial (RCT) with five hundred forty one eligible patients which had renal colic and referred to Motahhary and Peymanieh Hospitals of Jahrom and Faghihi and Nemazee Hospitals of Shiraz between Dec 2005 to Apr 2007 was done. The study protocol and informed consent were authorize by the Ethics Committee at Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. All patients who enrolled in this study, were read, accepted and signed the consent form. Participant, with age between 17 to 52 years, randomly allocated in two parallel groups, RD (single dose of 100 mg) and IMP (single dose of 50 mg) in the approximately ratio of 11 (266 and 275 patients, respectively). Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random permuted block method. Patients with history of allergic reaction to NSAIDs, hemorrhoids and anal fissures, peptic ulcers, coagulopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, ischemic coronary diseases, degenerative obstructive pulmonary disease, and liver or renal failure were excluded from the study.B. Method of measurementSubjects reported pain and its compensate at 10, 20 and 30 min after drug receiving and according to satisfying decrease in pain intensity at each time (decrease in pain intensity mor e than 50%), the patient was placed in the regard groups. Subjects were blind to their previous reports. Our outcome measure was the change in pain intensity at 10, 20, 30 and more than 30 min. The participants that enrolled in group 3 (significant decrease in pain after 30 min) were comprise from patient in group 1 (significant decrease in pain after 10 min) and 2 (significant decrease in pain after 20 min) and there was similar pattern between group 2 and 1.C. Statistical analysisSPSS for Windows version 16 package program was used for statistical analysis of the data.t test and analysis of variance were used for analysis of variables. Results were expressed as n (number of patients), and office (%). According to the results, a P value 0.05). Distribution of patients according to time of responding to analgesic effects of RD and IMP is displayed in Figure 2. According to these data, the percentage of patients that showed defined decline in pain at 10 and 20 min after using of d rug in RD was higher than IMP. However these differences were not significant (P=0.06).DiscussionIn this study, the analgesic efficacy of rectal sodium diclofenac and intramuscular pethidine administration in patients which suffered from renal colic were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that although, the percent of patients with lessened pain in 10 and 20 min after using of RD was higher than IMP but, this difference was not significant. Therefore, the efficacy of these two drugs is similar. However, due to availability, cheapness, safety and self administration properties, use of RD is highly recommended in renal colic in compare to IMP. In two previously studies, the efficacy of using of sodium diclofenac versus pethidine in acute renal colic were evaluated and reported. In the study of Hetherington and Philp (1986) on 58 renal colic patients, it has been think that 75 mg of sodium diclofenac, IM, was more effective than 100 mg of Pethdine, IM, in the management of acute ren al colic and has fewer side effects (Hetherington and Philp 1986). Also, Thompson et al (1989) reported that diclofenac suppositories provided potent, specific analgesia in renal colic. They also think that, diclofenac is superior to pethidine, because its effect starting at a similar time but lasting longer (Thompson et al. 1989).On the other hand, this fact that diclofenac can be self administered and is not an opiate makes it a useful drug in general practice, especially for patients with recurrent renal colic. Pethidine as a synthetic opioids, is about one tenth as potent as morphine and due to having more lipid solubility than morphine, elimination half life of two to four hours and duration of action of only two to trinity hours were considered for it (Foley 1985). At 2000, in a double blind RCT, analgesic efficacy, patient satisfaction and side effects of morphine and pethidine in patients with clinically suspect renal colic were evaluated. Although, their data demonstrated that there was no significant difference between morphine and pethidine with respect to any of the parameters measured, but they concluded that because of the well known adverse effects that may be associated with pethidine use, morphine should be the preferred agent in suspected renal colic, when an opioid analgesic is to be used (O&aposConnor et al. 2000). In addition, it has been reported that norpethidine, the predominant metabolite of pethidine, is potentially deadly and causing central nervous system excitability such as tremors, myoclonus or seizures. Also, accumulation of norpethidine has also been seen in patients with normal kidneys, particularly with monumental doses or frequent dosing intervals (Marinella 1997).Finally, due to adverse effects of pethidine and its metabolite, norpethidine and also due to possibility of pethidine addiction, we believe that diclofenac suppositories should be considered as the first line handling of renal colic, both in hospital and in ge neral practice. exculpationThe authors thank the staff physians and nursing team of the Emergency Department of the Motahhary and Peymanieh Hospitals of Jahrom and Faghihi and Nemazee Hospitals of Shiraz and all other people who help in this study.ReferencesAy MO, Sebe A, Kozaci N, Satar S, Acikalin A, Gulen M, Acehan S (2013) par of the Analgesic Efficacy of Dexketoprofen Trometamol and Meperidine HCl in the Relief of Renal Colic. American Journal of Therapeutics. doi10.1097/MJT.0b013e318274db78Bektas F, Eken C, Karadenz O, Goksu E, Cubuk M, Cete Y (2009) Intravenous paracetamol or morphine for the treatment of renal colic a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Emergency music 54 (4)568-574Dutta NK, Annadurai S, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Kristiansen JE, Molnar J, Martins M, Amaral L (2000) The anti-bacterial action of diclofenac shown by inhibition of DNA synthesis. world-wide Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 14 (3)249-251Esmailian M, Keshavarz M (2014) Synergistic Effe cts of Citalopram and morphia in the Renal Colic Pain Relief a randomise Clinical Trial. Emergency 1 (2)26-29Foley KM (1985) The treatment of cancer pain. unexampled England Journal of medicament 31384-95Hetherington JW, Philp NH (1986) Diclofenac sodium versus pethidine in acute renal colic. British Medical Journal 292 (6515)237-238Holdgate A, Pollock T (2004) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus opioids for acute renal colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11-54Kalb B, Sharma P, Salman K, Ogan K, Pattaras JG, Martin DR (2010) Acute abdominal pain is there a potential role for MRI in the setting of the emergency department in a patient with renal calculi? Journal of magnetised Resonance Imaging 32 (5)1012-1023MacPherson RD, Duguid MD (2008) Strategy to Eliminate Pethidine purpose in Hospitals. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 38 (2)88-89Marinella MA (1997) Meperidine-induced generalized seizures with normal renal function. South Medical Journal 90556-558Mus lumanoglu AY, Tepeler A (2008) Renal kolik tani ve tedavisi. Marmara Med J 21187-192O&aposConnor A, Schug SA, Cardwell H (2000) A comparison of the efficacy and safety of morphine and pethidine as analgesia for suspected renal colic in the emergency setting. Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine 17 (4)261-264Thompson JF, Pike JM, Chumas PD, Rundle JS (1989) Rectal diclofenac compared with pethidine injection in acute renal colic. British Medical Journal 299 (6708)1140-1141Figure 1. Number and percentage of patients which response/non response to rectal sodium diclofenac and intramuscular pethidine.Figure 2. similitude on the efficacy of rectal sodium diclofenac and intramuscular pethidine in attenuating of renal colic pain.

Applications And Types Of Smart Materials Engineering Essay

Applications And Types Of clean Materials technology EssaySmart visible be those that tack in response to changing conditions in their ring or in the application of other directed captivates much(prenominal) as passing an electric automobile charge through them. Modern products increasingly use them, shirts that diversity pretext with qualifys in temperature. Smart unbendables are the materials that bemuse one or to a greater extent properties that feces be signifi shadowtly changed in a controlled style much(prenominal) as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetized dramaticss.There are many another(prenominal) types of quick-witted material some of which are already common. Some examples are as followingTypes of modishness materialSome types of skilful materials allow inpiezoelectric On applying a robotlike stress to these materials it gives an electric current. Piezoelectric microphones transform changes in pressure cause by sound waves into an electrical signal. material body store After deformation of these materials they remember their original shape and egress back to its original shape when heated .Applications include shape memory stents tubes threaded into arteries that expand on heating to body temperature to allow ontogeny blood flow.Thermo chromic These are the materials which change their color in response to changes in temperature. They have been used in bathplugs that change color when the water is in amplification hot.Photo chromic These materials change color in response to changes in weakly conditions. Uses include security ink sand dolls that tan in the sun.magnetoelectric machine rheological it is a fluid that fluids become solid when placed in a charismatic field. They can be used to construct dampers that mortify vibrations. These can be used for buildings and bridge decks to suppress the damaging do of,For example, high winds or earthquakes.1.1 pH- affectionate polymersThese are ma terials which swell/collapse when the pH of the surrounding media changes.PH sensitive or pH responsive polymers are materials which ordain respond to the changes in the pH of the surrounding medium by alter their dimensions. Such materials swell or collapse depending on the pH of their environment. This conduct is exhibited due to the presence of certain functional groups in the polymer chain.1.2 Magnetostrictive materials exhibit change in shape at a lower place the influence of magnetic field and similarly exhibit change in their magnetization under the influence of mechanical stress common fig 1.1Magnetostrictive material (inside) then magnetizing coil over it and magnetic enclosure completing the magnetic circuit ( bring outside)It can convert magnetic energy into kinetic energy that is used to build sensors.1.3 Temperature-responsive polymersThese are materials which changes upon temperature.A temperature-responsive polymer is a polymer which undergoes a physical change wh en away thermal is applied. The mightiness to undergo such changes makes this class of polymers the category of adroit materials.1.4 Self-healing materialsThese materials have the immanent aptitude to refurbish damage due to normal employ, thus expanding the materials spirit .These are the class of smart materials that have the structurally incorporated ability to repair damage caused by mechanical usage over time. The consumption comes from biological systems, which have the ability to heal after beingness wounded. rise of cracks and other types of damage on a microscopic level has been shown to change thermal, electrical, and acoustical properties, and eventually lead to whole scale failure of the material. Usually, cracks are mended by hand, which is difficult because cracks are often hard to detect. A material (polymers, ceramics, etc) that can intrinsically correct damage caused by normal usage could lower production costs of a number of different industrial worke s through massiveer part emotional statetime, reduction of inefficiency over time caused by degradation, as well as prevent costs incurred by material failureChapter 2Applications of Smart MaterialsThere are many possibilities for such materials and organizes in the manmade world. Engineering structures could operate at the really limit of their cognitive process envelopes and to their structural limits without fear of exceeding either. These structures could also give maintenance engineers a full report on performance history, as well as the location of defects, whilst having the ability to counteract unwanted or potentially formidable conditions such as excessive vibration, and affect self repair. The Office of acquirement and Technology Foresight Programme has stated that Smart materials will have an increasing range of applications (and) the underlying sciences in this area must be maintained at a standard which dishs achieve technological objectives, which convey tha t smart materials and structures must solve plan problems with hitherto unachievable efficiency, and hand over an opportunity for new wealth creating products.2.1 Smart Materials in AerospaceSome materials and structures can be termed sensual devices. These are structures that can sense their environment and generate data for use in health and usage monitoring deviceing systems (HUMS). To appointee the most well established application of HUMS are in the field of aerospace, in areas such as aircraft checking.An airline such as British Airways requires over 1000 employees to service their 747s with extensive routine, ramp, intermediate and major checks to monitor the health and usage of the fleet. Routine checks involve literally dozens of tasks carried out under approximately 12 pages of densely typed check headings. Ramp checks increase in thoroughness e truly 10 days to 1 month, hanger checks occur every 3 months, interchecks every 15 months, and major checks every 24000 flyin g hours. In humanitarian to the manpower resources, hanger checks require the aircraft to be out of service for 24 hours, interchecks require 10 days and major checks 5 weeks. The overheads of such guard duty monitoring are enormous.An aircraft constructed from a sensual structure could self-monitor its performance to a level beyond that of current data recording, and leave behind ground crews with invoke health and usage monitoring. This would minimize the overheads associated with HUMS and allow such aircraft to fly for much hours forward human intervention is required.2.2 Smart Materials in Civil Engineering ApplicationsHowever, sensual structures need not be restricted to hi-tech applications such as aircraft. They could be used in the monitoring of accomplished engineering structures to assess durability. Monitoring of the current and long term behavior of a bridge would lead to enhanced safety during its life since it would provide previous(predicate) warning of struct ural problems at a stage where minor repairs would enhance durability, and when used in conjunction with structural rehabilitation could be used to safety monitor the structure beyond its original design life. This would influence the life costs of such structures by reducing upfront formulation costs (since smart structures would allow reduced safety factors in initial design), and by extending the safe life of the structure. Sensual materials and structures also have a wide range of potential domestic applications, as in forage2.3 Its properties which enable them for civil engineering application are Repeated ducking of large amounts of strain energy under loading without permanent deformation. hazard to obtain a wide range of cyclic behavior -from supplemental and fully reentering to highly dissipating-by simply varying the number and/or the characteristics of SMA divisions. in operation(p) strain range of 70%Extraordinary fatigue resistance under large strain cyclesTheir g reat durability and reliability in the long run.2.4 STRUCTURAL APPLICATION OF SMART MATERIALSThe development of durable and cost good high performance construction materials and systems is important for the economic well being of a country mainly because the cost of civil infrastructure constitutes a major portion of the national wealth. To address the problems of deteriorating civil infrastructure, research is very essential on smart materials. This paper highlights the use of smart materials for the best performance and safe design of buildings and other infrastructures particularly those under the affright of earthquake and other natural hazards. The peculiar properties of the shape memory alloys for smart structures render a promising area of research in this field.Fig 2.1to achieve speed improvements on existing bridges and to maintain the tether in a straight and non-deformed configuration as the train passes With the help of optimal control methodology the train will pas s the bridge with reduced track deflections and vibrations and thus velocity could be safely increased. Fig2.1 shows unlike positions of the train with and without active railway track support.Chapter33.1 Reducing wasteProducers are forced to consider the entire life of a product at the design stage and customers are increasingly demanding more environmentally sensitive products. Innovative use of smart materials has the potential to reduce waste and to modify recycling.Electronic waste Electronic waste is the fastest growing component of domestic waste in the UK. Electrical equipment requires that it should be processed before disposal to remove hazardous and recyclable materials. Disassembly of product is high-ticket(prenominal) and time consuming but the use of smart materials could help to automatise the process. Research in this active disassembly has been carried out by UK companies. prompt Disassembly Research Ltd. One example uses fasteners constructed from shape memor y materials that can self release on heating. Once the fasteners have been released, components can be separated simply by shaking the product. By using fasteners that controvert to different temperatures, products could be disassembled.3.2 Research in the UKSmart materials and systems are interdisciplinary subject areas so funding does not come from a one research council. However, the majority of research council funding is allocated by the Engineering and somatic Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Materials research is one of its six core coursers and it currently has a commitment of 21m to smart materials research in 28 UK universities. This includes the EPSRCs contribution to smart materials projects run in collaboration with 35different organizations including the Ministry of Defense British Aerospace In addition to research councils, the government also allocates funding through the Technology dodge mature. This is an executive non-departmental public body established by the Government to chivvy innovation in those areas which offer the greatest scope for boosting UK growth and productivity. right materials are one of the Technology Strategy Boards key technology areas, which provide the framework for deciding where it should invest funding and support activities. In 2007, as part of its support for collaborative research and development, the Technology Strategy Board allocated funding of 7m to a competition for research proposals in Smart Bioactive and Nano structure Materials for HealthThe Ministry of Defense identifies smart materials and active structures as a antecedence technology. However, its investment in these areas has decreased markedly in recent years as developments are increasingly driven by global civil markets and commodity products that are often adequate for itsneeds.2 It currently emphasizes monitoring external research rather than producing it in-house.3.3 Research worldwideThe US is the world leader in smart materials re search mainly because of the large defence research and development budget. The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has had an in-house programme of smart materials and structures research since the early 1990s, in contrast to the UK. However the UK is strong in many areas and is at the forefront of research into structures that can repair themselves. Other observations so that materials can be sorted automatically. The companies have collaborated with Nokia and turn over that this technology could be in use in the next two years.3.4 Reducing food wasteFood makes up approximately one fifth of the UKs waste. One third of food grown for consumption in the UK is thrown away, much of which is food that has reached its best before date without being eaten .These dates are conservative estimates and actual product life may be longer. Manufacturers are now looking for ways to extend product life with packaging, often using smart materials.CHAPTER 4FUTURE4.1 In Nanotechnology to annul Smart Materials TechnologyThe nanotechnology is set to accelerate development of improved and entangled smart material technologies. Researchers are now considering the possibilities of designing, altering, and controlling material structure at nanoscale levels in order to enhance material performance and process efficiency. The advancements in nanomaterials are expected to increase product quality and performance, and they are finding acceptance in diverse applications such as sensors and electronic devices. Nanosensor particles assist in creating tools for analyzing living cells and serve as reporters in industrial process monitoring. In the future day, smart materials are likely to derive their triumph from nanotechnology that is likely to be instrumental in creating more varied, complex, and intelligent systems.4.2 Smart Materials Expected to Cater to Diverse ApplicationsThe advances and improvements in smart materials allow them to issue to a diverse set of applicati ons, especially in the defense, aerospace, healthcare, electronics, and semiconductor industries. Although very few of these applications are at present commercially viable, their potential for future acceptance is irrefutable. Smart materials are particularly useful for cellular production, observes the analyst. With the addition of cellular fluid and by regulating the cells shape and mechanical conditions, smart materials especially polymers can mimic these cells interactions and exhibit effective results.The computer industriousness is also adopting smart materials for read/write head micropositioners and next-generation data fund devices. Researchers are developing piezo-accelerometers that anticipate and correct head-motion-related read/write errors. In the healthcare markets, smart material technologies are making their way into several(prenominal) analytical devices for detecting and diagnosing complex medical conditions. With future advances, smart materials are also like ly to be useful for fabricating insulin pumps and drug deliverance devices.

differences and similarities between huckleberry finn and tom sawyer :: Free Essays

The sympatheticities and differences between Twains The Adventures of turkey cock Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are two novels that focus on the lives of two different modern men living in the kindred town. twain young men are the main characters of each novel. tomcats character was based much on the life of the reservoir Mark Twain. Both lost their mother at a young age and both were too smart for their own good. The novels are confusable and different in many ways. One way that they are similar are the titles. Both titles give us an idea that the book is just about two different male childs adventure. Another way is their religion both boys reject religion. Huck reason is that when he prayed for what he wanted, he didnt get anything so he thinks Christian faith and praying is pointless. Both boys personalities are very(prenominal) different practically opposites. Tom is a very unpredi ctable, uncooperative, and lazy nestling with a carefree attitude who gets a mission out of fighting and playing. He is very intelligent for his age notwithstanding though he smoked. Hes a mischievous child who lives by the quote Work consists of whatever a body is stimulate to do, and that play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do if theres something wrong to be done hes going to be doing it. Deep down inside is a boy who has a very low self esteem and trys to hide it. Tom feels scorned even though he has a family and whenever he feels unloved he imagines his own funeral and questions his existence. Probably thats the reason why he a troubled child he doesnt feel that hes living for any good reason, so he powerfulness as well be bad.

Race Stereotyping Leads to the False Accusation of Kabuo Miyamoto Essay

Race Stereotyping Leads to the False Accusation of Kabuo Miyamoto David Guterson bottomd his novel, century falling On Cedars, during a racially charged time of history. This book takes come in during the time period of 1940 to 1955. The setting of this novel is a small town, affection Harbor, on the island of San Piedro. This is a small island, and Amity is the largest town on the inherent island. This island is home to Japanese strawberry farmers and one-man gillnetting boats. This novel is based some the murder trial of Carl Heine Jr. The accused man is Kabuo Miyamoto, a Japanese gill-netter as well as a World War II veteran. By non-fiction facts, from historical documents, and fiction facts from the novel itself, Kabuo Miyamoto was accused solely because of his race. On December 7, 1941, aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. About half the United States fleet was at Pearl Harbor at the time. M ore than 2,400 American servicemen and civilians were killed. Another 1,200 were wounded. 8 battleships of the Pacific Fleet were damaged or sunk, though the fleets aircraft carriers were at sea. Hundreds of aircraft were destroyed. The very(prenominal) day, or shortly thereafter, the Japanese launched attacks against Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and Guam and Wake Island. Because of the swift advances of the Japanese military, numerous Americans concluded that an invasion, either of Hawaii or the West Coast, was inevitable. (Leitich 1) In February 1942, deputy sheriff General John DeWitt, the commanding general of the Western Defense Command, which include California, Oregon and Washington, urged the evacuation of all Japanese American citi... ...anese decent so they are the ones that fought against and killed American soldiers during World War II. Many of the Americans of Japanese decent fought and died for the same country, the same cause, and the same humanity that the American soldiers did, but this was never looked at, never taken into consideration, and never respected. Works CitedGuterson, David. Snow Falling On Cedars. New York Vintage Books, 1995. Internment Camps. Ed. 04/15/2001. . Japanese Internment. Ed. Lamb, Judith. St. Francis Xavier School. 04/5/2001. . Leitich, Greg H. Japanese American Legal History Internment/Relocation. 04/17/2001. 04/5/2001 .

Educational Philosophy :: Education Educating Teaching Essays

Educational PhilosophyGrowing up, I check incessantly been surrounded by teachers. My arrive, father, and stepmother are currently teachers and my grandmother is a former teacher. Automatically it was assumed that I too would become a teacher, but I had another profession in mind. I always enjoyed playing school when I was little, but I enjoyed playing abode more. House may have had an impact on the profession I had in mind. I complimentsed to become an interior decorator because I passionatenessd decorating and arranging my house. I determined, in my mind that I would go to school to be an interior decorator. I then stopped contemplating just about my future profession until high school. High school is where teachers advise you to select a profession and gain experience in that field. Not some people pursue interior decorating as a profession in the country where I live. My guidance counselor just laughed at my trance and told me to select another profession to g ain experience. As a result, I picked reproduction because of my family influences. I joined the Future Educators of America and thats when my professional goals and admirations adapted forever. The FEA would go into surrounding elementary and middle school classrooms to top hatow supporter to teachers and gain experience in the education field. I initially went into a self-contained learning disability class and fell in love with the field. I felt comfortable around the students and everything seemed to come naturally to me. I then began to look deeper into my life and realized that special education was the commercial enterprise I was intended to perform. I have been blessed with a disable and mentally impaired sister and she also encouraged me to follow my mothers footsteps into the special education field. I love working with my sister because she is so eager to learn and loves having people work with her. She shows me that special education students want to learn , but no one wants to teach them. She always love going to school and would even go sick so she would not have to miss. She taught me the importance of teachers, especially special education teachers. I want to make a difference in the lives of others and I believe the best profession for me to accomplish this goal is in the special education field.

American Invasion of Iraq Essay -- Morality, Reasons, Exaggeration

The American invasion of Iraq was morally and humanely wrong. During the invasion of Iraq in 2003, American government went far beyond earthly concern when they gave spurious and idealistic reasons for invading Iraq. Over 1 million Iraki citizens were killed and the region lived under terror for over 5 years collect to the American actions.In 1991 George Bush Sr., attempted to invade Iraq, however, this mission cease before any major action was taken. George Bush Sr.s advisers, ace of them cosmos Dick Cheny choose not to invade Iraq because of the guardianship that such an invasion could turn into a quagmire. In contuse of that, when George W. Bush, the son of George Bush Sr., began his journey to possibly complete what his father cute to accomplish 10 years ago, the invasion of Iraq. Bush benevolently argued that nation in the Middle East must occur, and the best way he choose was by attacking Iraq. According to globalpolicy.org, Before the war, Bush was repeatedly told t here was no definitive evidence that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. He knew Iraq was not a nuclear threat. He knew there was no Iraq contact to 9/11. Iraq posed no imminent danger to the get together States. on that point was no case for a pre-emptive war.George W. Bush knew there was no square(a) prove that Iraq was planting weapons of mass destruction. There were no nuclear weapons in Iraq, not enough technology was developed in Iraq to target broad range enemies America was definitely not being aimed at. Nothing was being planned from the Iraki side. (globalpolicy.org) About the WMD excuse, George W. Bush lied that the Iraqi were a threat to its neighboring countries Kuwait and Iran and to the world peace due to the turn over that weapon of mass destruct... ...ading Iraq have been told to the outside world yet. If powerful countries with consentient military force like the United States is able to take-over a country for personal benefits then where will the world end up one day? George W. Bush was definitely in hype or madness when he made the decision for invading Iraq, this hype led United States into the war. History should always be used for granted history is respectable like a lesson that is thought at any school, if you pay care to it and learn from it, astray will not be your path.Works Citedhttp//www.globalpolicy.org/ dowry/content/article/168/37699.htmlhttp//www.telegraph.co.uk /news/worldnews/1560915/Dick-Cheney-Iraq-quagmire-video-hits-the-web.htmlhttp//www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/01/09/60minutes/main592330.shtmlhttp//www.teresi.us/html/writing/iraq_war.htmlhttp//msnbc.msn.com/id/3340723/

The Selection and Preparation of Mathematics Teachers :: Education Teaching Essays

The Selection and Preparation of Mathematics instructors Teacher preparation is a racy component of any learningal system. Evidence from enquiry shows that there is a 39% difference in the achievement levels of students who have most/ least(prenominal) effective teachers. The federal government also recognizes the importance of the classroom teacher. The late(a) No Child Left Behind legislation emphasizes the role that teachers playact in achievement. In order to meet the requirements of NCLB, states and universities will have to transform the way that teachers are prepared.Carefully selecting and properly training teachers and then large(p) them the authority to teach students as they see fit will go a long way to resolving the low achievement of American students. On the flip side, giving low ability and poorly clever individuals the opportunity to teach has produced several decades of low student achievement. Many of these academically unmotivated teachers demonstrate l ittle content k outrightledge or specialty and have been among the most flagrant violators of scientific application of educational research. find out the indiscriminate use of trivial tests (learning styles, right/left brain, multiple intelligences, etc) that work to classify students in scant minutes. Worse still is that the learning scheme behind these fads may in fact be even to a greater extent suspect than the test. The current generation of American teachers firmly believes that lecture is a universally poor method of instruction, standardized tests are fatally blemish and the group learning is much superior to individual learning, all without scientific justification.If America is to close the achievement gap with other industrialized nations it mustiness be willing to set aside political correctness and educational faddism to place competent teachers in the classroom. There is constant pressure for education departments to find new pedagogy, criticize the old pedagogy and generally moil the academic waters so that their existence can be justified. Teacher preparation programs need to focus on only those aspects of educational research which have been proven to produce achievement gains and stop experimenting on future teachers and their dependent students.The primary reason I am pursuing a doctorial degree in mathematics education is to have the enfranchisement needed to teach mathematics pedagogy courses to prospective teachers at a four year institution. I feel strongly that my experience as a teacher and the intellectual training I am now acquiring will let me make a positive parting to the cause of producing competent teachers.The area of teacher preparation is being extensively researched and is currently a high profile issue in education.

Introducting the Characters and Themes in Educating Rita Essay

Introducting the Characters and Themes in Educating RitaGCSE Coursework In what ways is Act 1 Scene 1 of Educating Rita agood introduction to the coquets main characters and themes? Do youthink Willy Russell has made his crack dramatic and entertaining?Im coming in arent I? Its that stupid bleedin wangle on thedoor is not the way in which we would expect a new universitystudent to talk to a lecture she had never welcome before, but as welater find break through, Rita, is not a sterile student and her lecture,Frank, is not a stereotypical lecture. The play Educating Rita is institutiond on an out going character, who has decided her working classlifestyle, does not satisfactory who she is anymore. She believes she canchange her life by achieving a higher education, to hold up in witheveryone else around her. Changing her name from Susan to Rita is herfirst step, she had now begun the capacious leap from the 26year oldhairdresser, to a well spoken and well meliorate higher cl assed humanbeing.This 1970s play displays the struggle and frustration of a woman,caught in the working class. Willy Russell uses wit, humour and hisknowledge of that time period to crap and develop his twain charactersas they travel through substantial changes in their lives. WillyRussell uses two very different styles of writing for each of hischaracters, the introduction to his play begins with a conversationbetween lecture Frank and his wife. Look if youre trying to inducesome feeling of guilt in me everyplace the prospect of a burnt dinner youshould have prepared something separate than lamb and ratatouilleRussell was determined to show Franks striking upper class exterior,with the usage of such formal and polite languag... ...appy with life until Rita was adapted to show him his truecolours. Using the snappy, chatty atmosphere so wee on in the play,Willy Russell was able to keep his fairly long opening dramatic,entertaining and enjoyable to watch. Willy Russells choice to usessuch different characters to base his piece around, made one hundredpercent sure that his audiences solicitude levels would have been raisedas they became more and more intrigued, to find out if the characterswould clash or get on like a digest on fire. But I believe it was WillyRussells pure endowment fund that enabled him to places to differentcharacters in the same scene and make it work. Using the two differentstyles of writing and such different character personalities creatingan opening, which was not precisely dramatic and entertaining but will beremembered in archives as the starting point for woman.

Essay on Evil in The Holy Bible -- Holy Bible Essays

The Purpose of Evil in the al-Quran God looked at everything He had made, and it was very satisfactory (Genesis 131) quintette times in Genesis 1, God looks at that which He has created, and pronounces it good. Then on the sixth day He creates Man, and says that His creation is right off very good. Gods pronouncement of His creation, which would be everything around us and includes ourselves, as very good is hard to reconcile with that which we see on a daily basis -- a reality in which we experience some(prenominal) pain and cruelty from man and nature. These negative experiences we call evil. Evil, in this sense, is a very broad consideration, and needs to be defined. In worldwide terms, evil is that which works against the life-giving power of God, and seeks to thwart Gods will. In the password, the term evil is used to describe anything that brings sorrow, distress, calamity, and moral wrong-doing. In more modern-day times, evil has been associated with warfare, especi ally chemical and nuclear warfare, as well as problems associated with over-population, racism, ecological destruction, and worldwide disease. Indeed, evil is so much a go away of our lives, the very term seems to have lost meaning. It is not uncommon in public debates to hear one side associate the other with evil, coolly placing their opponents on the side of Satan and destruction. So, what did God mean when He tell that His creation was very good? Did He simply mean that He was finished, and that evil was an intentional part of His design? Or did evil mother afterward, suggesting that it was beyond His control? This is a vexing question to those of faith, especially in the Judeo-Christian faith, who believe in an all-powerful, loving God. If God is good and lo... ...gardless of my outlay to God, I know I will fall. If I choose to do wrong, I know that the responsibility is mine. If I catch a disease, I would not blame God, or ask why he chose me to suffer. If I am to fanc y all the possible good aspects of being a thinking, reasoning human being with freedom of will, I have to accept the fact that I live in an existence where evil lowlife happen. Works Cited Dobson, James C. (1993). When God Doesnt Make Sense. Illinois Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. Green, Joel B., & Longman, Tremper (Eds.). (1996). Holy Bible -- The Everday Study Edition. Dallas Word Publishing. Hick, John H. (1990). Philosophy of Religion. New Jersey scholar Hall. Kushner, Harold S. (1981). When Bad Things Happen To Good People. New York Avon books. McFague, Sallie. (1987). Models of God. Philadelphia Fortress Press.

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey: Scylla and Charybdis :: Odyssey essays

The Odyssey - Scylla and Charybdis   One of the most difficult tasks as a parent is to teach your child lifes lessons. Many have tried, and many an(prenominal) have failed. But over the ages most successful ideas have discern in a form of story or tale. Aesops Fables, nursery rhymes, and different tales of caution are used even today to teach this frequent knowledge one must have. In the Greek civilization, thou good senses of years ago, many children were taught through these fun and kindle stories. The Odyssey is one of these tales. Through the many chronological sequences tell the adventures of one man, Odysseus, numerous life lessons and morals were taught to the reader. One valuable episode in The Odyssey is Scylla and Charybdis. Not only does it provide excitement and interest for the reader, merely it is an effective part of The Odyssey because of its superb insight to Odysseus character, and the clear life lesson that is taught.  peculiarly in to days world, one key to making a story interesting or exciting is to include action. For example many recent megahit hits are action packed.   Titanic, Independence Day, and Terminator 2, all are examples of these hits. The Odyssey is no exception to this trick or proficiency. In the episode Scylla and Charybdis the plot is change with intense confrontations, a heroic leader, and more. Some of this can be soft identified, for example, when Homer writes   ... scarcely had that island faded in the blue air than I saw smoke  and white water with waves in tumult- a auditory sensation the men heard, and it terrified them. Oars flew from their hands the blades went knocking wild alongside savings bank the ship lost way... (756-763)   What the condition is doing is letting the reader foreshadow. A technique which creates suspense, a vital element in any action story. The author then explained what was being hinted at   ... we rowed into the strait- Scylla to our port and on our starboard impart Charybdis, dire gorge of the salt-sea tide. By heaven when she vomited all the sea was alike(p) a cauldron seething over intense fire... (796-800)   ... The dark sand raged on the bottom far below.

Determination and Instinct in the Brothers Grimms Cinderella Essay

As children, most of our conduct lessons are acquired through the simplicity of fairy tales. Subliminal messages taught us to everlastingly believe in true love and in the eternal supremacy of good over evil. This is the case in the Brothers Grimms Cinderella, a habitual fairy tale embodying a classic folk tale myth-element of unsporting oppression followed by triumphant reward, where true love conquers any and at last sets the world right. Cinderella is a fallen princess who finally meets with tough reality, bearing resolved grit and perseverance. She proves that by entrusting ones self and instincts, one arouse then achieve anything they put their minds to. She demonstrates such boldness when dealing with her step-family, sorting out the good lentils from the bad, and finally when making a sudden and unanticipated appearance at the ball. At the very beginning of Cinderella, written by the Brothers Grimm, the narrator clearly states that the central characters name is u naccompanied descriptive instead of being a proper name. And as on that account she always looked dusty and dirty, they called her Cinderella (70). This allows us, the readers, to identify with the protagonist. Abandoned by her convey and enslaved by her stepmother, Cinderella proves that kindness will get a person further in life than hatred ever croup. Cinderella manages to overcome her obstacles with the help of her fauna friends. These creatures of nature surround Cinderella because she is kind and loving, while the only animal that would hitherto approach the evil stepmother and stepdaughters was their angry spoiled cat. Nevertheless, Cinderella still deals with them with nothing only patience and virtue. She is always the better person and never stoops down to their level. ... ...balls, lettered that her step sisters were literally dying to be in her shoes. By keeping to herself and trusting her instincts, Cinderella winds up marrying the Prince and living happ ily ever after.Cinderella differs from other princesses in any other fairy tale. She can be portrayed as a heroine in the eyes of the young, as well as the old, which is what makes her such a great and unique character. Cinderella overcomes numerous barriers, never accepting trouncing and is kind to all, even those who do not reciprocate her goodness. She deals with her evil stepmother and stepsisters in the best behaviour, and in the end, she is able to obtain what she had worked so hard to achieve. For all these reasons little girls as well as grown women alike can relate to Cinderella in their hardships and can draw power and trust in their own selves from her inspirational tale.

The Great Gatsby :: The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald

Great Gatsby is a refreshful written by F. Scott Fitzgerald which takes adorn in the early 1900s. This book consists of five main characters, scratch Carraway, gobbler Buchanan, Daisy Buchanan, Jay Gatsby and Jordan Baker. When I completed this novel, I came to a conclusion that this is a sound - written book. The two main reasons that makes this novel so superior is that Fitzgerald redeems from his individual(prenominal) experience and makes computable use of his literary elements.Throughout this novel, Fitzgeralds life plays a major part in the scenes and in the story. For example, the conflict in this novel is that Gatsby is trying to get Daisy from tom turkey, after Daisy turned him down because he wasnt wealthy. Similarly, Fitzgerald and Zelda want each other, but before they could get married, Fitzgerald needed to earn virtually money. Obviously, his money came from writing great novels. Another example that portrays Fitzgeralds life in this novel is the vast u se of alcohol. In the novel, alcohol is mentioned so oft that it changes characters lives. Firstly, Dan Cody, Gatsbys mentor was an alcoholic who died from alcoholism. And secondly, during Gatsbys parties, people were getting rummy (the man in the library saying the books atomic number 18 real). In Fitzgeralds life, partying and getting drunk was a frequent routine. Coincidentally, Fitzgerald was also an alcoholic who suffered from alcoholism. Not only does Fitzgerald write from his personal experience to enhance his writing, but he also uses good literary elements.Fitzgeralds use of irony and prognosticateing makes his writing so extremely - rated. One scene when foreshadowing kicks is when Fitzgerald describes the scene outside the room where Gatsby and Daisy are sitting together. Fitzgerald describes, Outside the wind was loud and there was a buy the farm flow of thunder along the sound. Thunder is added on purpose to foreshadow the unstable relationship between Gats by and Daisy. He uses irony in describing his characters. For example, when Nick goes to Toms house for the first time and Daisy describes her husband, Tom as being able and profound. Later on in this novel, we find out how unintelligent Tom is and it takes him great amount of time to figure out that Gatsby and Daisy have something acquittance on.