How the area of a wire affects the resistance in a circuit Essay

Electricity is conducted by a conductor. Resistance is the word used to describe the opposition between forces. The to a greater extent free electrons there argon, the better the conduction and the worse the enemy is. The to a greater extent atoms vibrate, the more subway there is. The free electrons are crack upn energy, as a result they move and collide with the surrounding electrons. This happen end-to-end the whole equip. This is how the electricity is conducted. Resistance is the result of energy loss in form of heat. How do we measure it? V=I/R V=Voltage I = accepted R=Resistance Ohms Law.This constabulary states that the authentic through a metallic conductor (wire) at a constant temperature is proportional to the potential difference (Voltage). Therefore the Voltage and underway is constant. If the electrical resistance cast ups the temperature increases, so it stays constant. At higher temperatures the particles move more quickly, increasing the collision of the free electrons. Possible Input Variables outfit field of operations Wire thickness Wire length Applied voltage bodily Taught connections Cross-sectional settle Insulated Density of wire Coiled or non Temperature Preliminary Experiments.Easy to measure? Easy to change Wire eye socket V V Wire thickness X X Wire length V V Applied voltage V V Material X V Taught connections X X Cross-sectional shape X X Insulated X V Density of wire V X Coiled or non V V Temperature V V Applied I or V by a double carrel which is measured by digital volt and ammeter. I allow find out the Resistance by the formula utilize R=V/I. Wire knowledge base. It is difficult to change the sphere. A practical solution would be to add wires and twist them together. Coiled or not? It has not got an obvious affect. The Voltage and Current didnt increase or decrease. Temperature.My idea was to set up a water bath to curb the wire at a same temperature at every point. I would look into with temperatures from 20? C-100 (room temperature to the boiling point of water) Wire length. Is very blue to set up. There is a very large range of results. chosen Input multivariate I chose wire area as my variable because it is has a better variety of results. I will drive home 8 wires with the same cross sectional area. It would be to expensive using varied cross sectional sizes of wire. I will put the wire replicate to each other an twist them add the end to increase the area of the wire.My chosen output variable is resistance because that is what I am feeling for in the wire. Fair Test In the essay I am not going to change anything ( wire length and applied voltage). The exactly thing I will change is the area of the wire (input variable). I will use the same equipment throughout the test, to make sure it is a fair test. If I would use disparate equipment it may give me different readings. I am using a safety electrical resistance, so that the current is the same and that the wire wi ll not overheat. It would not be a fair test if the wire would heat because it would give my different sets of results at different temperatures.It could also be a safety hazard if the wire overheats. Method Cut eight wires of the same cross sectional area in 35cm length (only 30cm of wire measured because I have to clutch crocodile clips on each side The equipment is as following 2 cell Battery Ammeter+ Voltmeter Safety Resistor 8 wires (35cm) 2 crocodile clips My circuit will look as following Let electricity pass through the circuit and note down the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter. Add more wires to the circuit and save as planned Make three sets of results through an accurate sample PredictionI will expect that if the area of the wire increases the resistance will decrease. This can be proven by background natural philosophy of the past. Observation Test Results Nr. of wires This graph shows the voltages I measured Nr. of wires This graph shows the Current I measured N r. of wires R1 R2 R3 Rave Area m2 1/Area This graph shows me the resistance and resistance average I have worked out. It also includes the formulas for the Area and 1/Area My Graphs are on a separate sheet of graph paper. Analysis My graph shows me that if I increase the area the resistance decreases.I have plan two graphs to give me a wider range of results and averages in different areas (1/Area and Area m2). My Area graph looks like a y =1/X graph X Y 1 1 2 0. 5 3 0. 333 4 0. 25 To reassure this I have plotted an average 1/Area. If it is correct then I should get a sequent line. When I plotted the graph I had a straight line. This tells me that the average is proportional to 1/Area i. e. Rave ? 1/Area. The incline is y/x= 10. 5/16= 0. 66 ? /mi I am ignoring the offset on my 1/Area graph This experiment shows me that resistance is definitely affected by the area of the wire.Looking at my background physics it has worked out like resistors on a tally circuit. When attaching ano ther wire to the experiment it acts like adding another parallel resistor in a parallel circuit. So if the area of the wire increases the resistance decreases. Also I have learned if the voltage goes down the resistance goes up Evaluation I found this experiment easy to do. I had no anomalies on my graph. This means that the points I have plotted are all in a acceptable arrangement. There were no experimental caused by a faulty connection. There were no safety hazards and the experiment was safe to do.